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The hibiscus (Hibiscus L., 1753) is a genus of plants belonging to the Malvaceae family, which includes over 400 species. The name derives from Greek and was likely assigned by Dioscorides.
This fascinating flower shares its botanical family with other well-known plants such as mallow, the cotton plant (Gossypium), and the linden. Among the most well-known species are the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, known as the flower hibiscus or Chinese hibiscus, the Hibiscus syriacus, called Syrian hibiscus and appreciated as a terrace and garden plant, the Hibiscus sabdariffa, from which the karkadé drink is obtained, and the Hibiscus esculentus, whose fruits are used in African and tropical cuisine under the name gombo or okra.
The hibiscus stands out for its exotic beauty and its numerous beneficial properties, making it a highly appreciated plant both in ornamental and natural wellness contexts.
The Karkadé infusion by Terzaluna is the ideal choice for those seeking a refreshing drink and wanting to enjoy the benefits of hibiscus. Made from the flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa, this infusion with an intense red color offers a slightly tangy taste and numerous benefits. Choose Terzaluna to ensure a superior quality product, carefully selected to offer you the best of nature.
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The hibiscus has a fascinating history rooted in ancient Eastern cultures. Native to South Asia and the Pacific islands, this flower has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. In Malaysia, the Chinese hibiscus is considered the national flower, symbolizing couple fidelity over time and an invitation to seize the moment. In Chinese medicine and Tantra meditation practices, hibiscus flowers are believed to promote well-being and concentration.
The spread of hibiscus has reached a cosmopolitan dimension, embracing the tropical and temperate areas of America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Particularly appreciated in Central America and Hawaii, where species from China have crossed with endemic ones creating spectacular plants, hibiscus also boasts large cultivations in Australia and New Zealand. In Italy, the quintessential hibiscus is the Hibiscus syriacus, a deciduous shrub widely used as an ornamental plant in gardens and urban decor. Other species present in Italy include the Hibiscus palustris, the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and the Hibiscus trionum. In central and southern Italy, the Hibiscus roseus adorns slopes and riverbanks with its large, vibrant pink flowers.
The hibiscus is a fascinating plant that can appear as small trees, shrubs, or annual or perennial herbaceous plants. The genus Hibiscus includes over 200 species, each with distinctive characteristics. The hibiscus plant can reach a considerable height, exceeding 2 meters in the more vigorous species. The bark is typically gray, while the leaves are a deep dark green, often palmate with toothed edges.
What makes the hibiscus such a beloved plant are its spectacular flowers. Large and showy, they can reach up to 8 cm in diameter and display a range of vibrant colors such as pink, red, yellow, orange, and white. Each flower consists of 5 delicate petals and a prominent central staminal column that adds an extra touch of beauty.
The hibiscus has a cosmopolitan distribution, being widespread in tropical and temperate areas around the world. It can adapt to various habitats but prefers sunny areas and well-drained soils. Some species, such as the swamp hibiscus (Hibiscus palustris), are found near swamps or slow-moving water bodies, forming large colonies.
Whether it is a majestic shrub or a delicate herbaceous plant, the hibiscus offers a spectacle of colors and shapes that enchant the eyes and the heart. Its exotic beauty and adaptability make it a popular choice for gardens, parks, and urban spaces worldwide.
The cultivation of hibiscus can bring great satisfaction to gardening enthusiasts. To choose the ideal plant, it is important to consider the variety of colors and patterns of the flowers, which range from white to deep red, including all shades of yellow and orange. Specimens with already open flowers and many buds are the most promising, as the buds will bloom within a few days. During transport, it is crucial to avoid exposing the hibiscus to extreme temperatures.
Regarding placement, the hibiscus loves sunny and warm positions, sufficiently humid. It is not particularly demanding about the type of soil, as long as it is fertile and fresh. The Hibiscus syriacus, in particular, withstands drought periods and cold well, requiring only frequent pruning to maintain a compact shape.
In homes or on balconies, the hibiscus should be placed in a shaded spot, away from windows or doors frequently opened in winter and from direct heat sources. After purchase, it is advisable to repot the plant in a slightly larger container, using specific soil for flowering plants or high-quality universal soil. Wilted flower stems and dry leaves should be removed to encourage the formation of new shoots.
Watering should be regular, every 2-3 days in summer and once a week in winter, avoiding water stagnation in the saucer. The hibiscus has a high nutritional requirement and needs frequent fertilization from April to September, every 8 days, and from October to March, every 20 days.
It is important not to overdo the fertilizer doses and to moisten the soil before fertilizing. To maintain adequate humidity, the plant can be placed on a saucer with clay balls immersed in a thin layer of water. Weekly checks of the leaves, shoots, and buds will allow for the timely detection of any infestations.
In case of problems, such as the presence of insects or leaf drop, there are specific remedies to adopt. With the right attention and care, the hibiscus will reward the gardener with spectacular and lasting blooms, adding a touch of exoticism and beauty to gardens, terraces, and indoor environments.
The hibiscus is not only an ornamental plant of extraordinary beauty but is also of interest for its potential benefits and properties. The flowers of this plant are rich in vitamin C, making them traditionally used as a natural remedy against colds, coughs, and bronchitis. Additionally, hibiscus extract contains organic acids such as citric, malic, and hibiscic acid, which are attributed beneficial effects on the skin.
In the cosmetic field, hibiscus extract is used to improve complexion by reducing pigmentation irregularities and age spots. The acids present in hibiscus flowers have an exfoliating action, gently removing dead cells and stimulating cell renewal.
Regarding skin health, it is suggested that hibiscus may possess anti-inflammatory properties and help reduce skin impurities. Some sources also indicate that hibiscus may slow down collagen loss, maintaining skin elasticity and counteracting signs of aging.
The beneficial properties of hibiscus also extend to internal use. Hibiscus flower infusion, known as karkadè, is consumed mainly during the summer months for its refreshing and thirst-quenching properties. This infusion, rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids, is traditionally used in some cultures to improve blood circulation and as a natural remedy for coughs and colds. Studies suggest that consuming hibiscus may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure and lipid profile, reducing systolic and diastolic pressure, as well as LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, further research is needed to confirm these effects and better understand the mechanisms involved.
In phytotherapy, hibiscus is used in the form of dry extracts, infusions, powders, and mother tincture to exploit its refreshing, thirst-quenching, laxative, diuretic, vitaminizing, and anti-inflammatory properties. The leaves, flowers, seeds, and roots of hibiscus are used in various fields, from salads for their refreshing properties to bitters due to the bitter taste of the roots.
Despite the promising effects, it is important to remember that further studies are needed to confirm the benefits attributed to hibiscus and to evaluate its long-term safety.
[Hopkins AL, Lamm MG, Funk JL, Ritenbaugh C. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. In the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: A comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Fitoterapia 2013, Mar;85:84-9.]
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Hibiscus is an extraordinary plant that offers a wide range of uses, from decorating gardens and terraces to preparing teas and cosmetic products. Let's discover together the many ways this natural wonder can be employed.
In conclusion, hibiscus proves to be an extraordinary plant, capable of enriching our lives in multiple ways. Whether it's beautifying our green spaces, taking care of our health, or expressing our feelings, this marvel of nature offers us a fascinating array of possibilities.
Despite the numerous benefits of hibiscus, it is important to be aware of some contraindications related to its use.
When consumed as an infusion, karkadè can have a mildly laxative effect, so it is advisable not to consume it in excessive quantities. Additionally, special attention should be paid during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as hibiscus may stimulate uterine contractions and affect breast milk production.
People who suffer from hypotension should consult a doctor before regularly consuming hibiscus-based products, as this plant can further reduce blood pressure.
However, if taken at the recommended doses, hibiscus does not present particular side effects and can be safely integrated into the daily routine by most people.
