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The chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum L.) is a genus of dicotyledonous angiosperm plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. This perennial plant is distinguished by its upright and branched growth, with stems that can develop as either herbs or subshrubs.
The botanical structure of the chrysanthemum is characterized by alternately arranged leaves along the stem, with blades that can be entire, lobed, pinnate, or palmate. Some varieties feature distinctive basal rosettes.
The most distinctive feature is the inflorescences, organized in solitary flower heads or grouped in corymbs. Each flower head has a complex structure: a cup-shaped involucre contains both the ray flowers, arranged externally with a ligulate shape and colors ranging from white to pink to yellow, and the central disc flowers, smaller and tubular, generally yellow.
The size of this plant is extremely variable: specimens can range from miniature 20 cm to varieties reaching 80 cm in height. The flowers also exhibit significant morphological diversity, with flower heads ranging from 1 cm to 18 cm in diameter, in simple, semi-double, or double forms, resembling daisies, pompons, or taking on ball or quill structures.
Regarding cultivation, the chrysanthemum prefers sunny positions and nutrient-rich soils, well-drained and rich in humus. It is a cold-resistant plant up to -20°C, but sensitive to high temperatures above 35°C. It requires regular watering, keeping the soil consistently moist but avoiding waterlogging, and needs frequent fertilization during the growth period to ensure abundant flowering.
The origins of this plant are located in the Far East, where it was already known and cultivated in China in 400 BC. Its spread to the West occurred much later, around 1700, primarily as an ornamental plant. The very name "Chrysanthemum" derives from Greek and means "golden flower", testifying to the ancient admiration for its golden blooms.
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The chrysanthemum encompasses a rich symbolism that varies significantly across different cultures, making this flower an emblem with multiple symbolic facets.
In Japan, the chrysanthemum represents a symbol of utmost importance, being the official emblem of the Empire of the Rising Sun. Since the 12th century, when Emperor Go-Toba associated it with the imperial throne, this flower has become an integral part of the Japanese imperial banner, where a magnificent golden chrysanthemum with sixteen petals stands out against a red background. Its importance is such that there is even a female name, "Kiku", which means chrysanthemum, and it is traditional to celebrate festivals dedicated to this regal flower.
In the European context, the symbolism of the chrysanthemum presents interesting contrasts. While in Italy it is traditionally associated with the remembrance of the deceased, being the "flower of the dead" par excellence due to its autumnal bloom coinciding with the commemoration of the deceased, in Central and Eastern Europe it takes on completely different meanings. In these countries, it is considered a romantic flower, comparable to roses, and is often given as a symbol of love and on festive occasions.
A touching oriental legend tells of a little girl and her dying mother. According to the story, a spirit, moved by the girl's tears, gave her a chrysanthemum, promising her that her mother would live as many days as there were petals on the flower. The girl, cleverly, cut each petal into thin strips to multiply their number, thus managing to keep her mother alive for much longer. This story has contributed to giving the chrysanthemum the oriental meaning of renewal and continuity of life.
The different colors of the chrysanthemum carry specific meanings: white symbolizes purity and remembrance, red represents passionate love, pink is associated with tenderness and family affections, while yellow, although symbolizing joy, in some cultures is used as a flower of forgiveness.
The chrysanthemum contains numerous beneficial properties that make it a valuable ally for health.
Its flowers are particularly rich in important active ingredients such as flavonoids, saponins, and caffeic acid, which give the plant remarkable therapeutic properties.
The antiviral and antibacterial action of the chrysanthemum makes it particularly effective in combating various respiratory diseases such as colds, coughs, and flu. The presence of chlorogenic acid in the petals helps to regulate metabolism and blood sugar levels.
This plant proves to be a valuable support for the circulatory system, helping to maintain healthy arteries and veins. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are useful in the treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and microcirculation disorders, as well as contributing to the regulation of blood pressure.
The richness of bioactive components such as beta carotene, calcium, magnesium, and iron, combined with the presence of volatile oils, amino acids, and camphor, gives the chrysanthemum calming and relaxing properties. It is effective in managing states of anxiety, nervous tension, and irritability, offering natural support for psychophysical well-being.
Additional benefits include antipyretic and pain-relieving actions, particularly appreciated in the treatment of migraines and neuropathic pain. The properties of chrysanthemum also extend to metabolic support, proving useful in cases of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
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The uses of chrysanthemum range from phytotherapy to gastronomy, revealing the versatility of this precious plant.
In therapeutic settings, the most common preparation is chrysanthemum tea, a traditional remedy especially appreciated in Oriental medicine. To prepare a beneficial infusion, simply pour boiling water over 1-2 teaspoons of dried flowers and let it steep for about 20 minutes. The drink can be sweetened with raw honey and is particularly effective as a natural antipyretic, as well as for relieving headaches and muscle pain. Chrysanthemum tea is also used as a digestive and to support liver function.
In cooking, the leaves and young shoots are used as aromatic vegetables, especially in Oriental cuisine where they are appreciated for their unique aroma and antioxidant properties. The petals can also be used to decorate and enhance salads and creative dishes.
In gardening, chrysanthemums are experiencing a renaissance as stars of autumn borders. Their extraordinary variety of shapes and colors, combined with their resilience and long-lasting blooms, make them perfect for creating scenic compositions in the garden. Taller varieties may require supports to hold the weight of the numerous flowers adorning the flexible branches.
Interesting research conducted by the CNR of Sassari has also highlighted the potential of chrysanthemum as fodder for grazing sheep, thanks to the essential oils with antifungal properties that are useful during forage silage.
Despite its numerous beneficial properties, chrysanthemum has some contraindications that are important to know before using it. The use of this plant is not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding, to avoid possible adverse effects on the fetus or newborn. It is crucial to pay particular attention in case of allergies, as chrysanthemum belongs to the Asteraceae family and may trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
The properties of chrysanthemum may also be problematic for those suffering from gastric disorders: in the presence of gastritis or peptic ulcer, it is advisable to avoid its consumption, as it could worsen the irritation of the stomach lining.
At Terzaluna, you can find chrysanthemum tea in its purest form and of high quality. Our chrysanthemum tea is made by carefully selecting the best flowers.
This traditional beverage, appreciated for centuries in Eastern medicine, is particularly suitable for those seeking a pleasant refreshing break, especially on hotter days.
On our online shop, you can conveniently purchase your chrysanthemum tea and have it delivered directly to your home, ready to provide you with all the benefits of this extraordinary flower.
